When a parallel-disc gate valve seats, there is a wedge between the discs that drives them outwards to snug against the seats. It is Instrumentation Ball Valvestheoretically possible to trap a volume of liquid between the discs, inside the internal volume of the valve. If something (usually temperature change) causes that volume to expand, pressures adequate to rupture the bonnet can occur. So, you need to have the Needle & Gauge Valvesbonnet vented. Usually the bonnet vent is directed to the upstream side. With the valve closed, the differential pressure from the upstream of the valve to the downstream assists the downstream disc in loading against the seat. At high differentials, the loading can be quite high and it can make it nearly impossible to start moving the disc, or galling of the sealing surfaces can occur due to theInstrument Manifolds high loading. (10" valve with 1000 psi differential: 79000 lbf loading due to differential. this corresponds to 2500 lbf per linear inch of seat. Bypassing the valve to equalize the pressure relieves the process seat loading so the disc can move. With ball valves or plug valves it is a little simpler. Just drill a hole in the upstream side of the ball/plug to prevent trapped-liquid expansion damage. You could do the same thing Regulatorswith a parallel-seat double disc gate valve, it would just make it directional instead of being able to seal in either direction. Large ball valves are frequently trunnion-style, so the seat loading vs pressure can be controlled to manage the seat loading and the resultant torque. Trunnion-style Globe Valvesballs could vent to the downstream since the upstream seat does the sealing- or the upstream seat loading can be controlled to relieve cavity pressure.

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